否定・回避N2
〜ことなく
without doing... / never doing...
Structure
V-辞書形 + ことなく
Explanation
Attached to the dictionary form of verbs, meaning "without doing the preceding action" or "never doing it". More literary than 〜ないで, often emphasizing that something never happened throughout (e.g., 一度も休むことなく働いた).
Examples
彼女は一度も遅れることなく、毎日会社に来た。
She came to the office every day without ever being late.
あきらめることなく、最後まで挑戦し続けた。
Without giving up, I kept challenging myself to the end.
Note
Similar to 〜ないで but more literary, often paired with 一度も or 決して.
Related Grammar
〜ないで〜ずに