接続・逆接N4
〜のに(逆接)
even though... / although...
Structure
文(普通形) + のに(名詞・な形容詞は「な」を付ける)
Explanation
Attached to plain verb/adjective forms (adding な before nouns and な-adjectives), 〜のに expresses a contrast, "even though...", with a tone of surprise, dissatisfaction or regret (e.g., 勉強したのに、テストに落ちた).
Examples
雨が降っているのに、傘を持ってこなかった。
Even though it's raining, I didn't bring an umbrella.
あんなに勉強したのに、試験に合格できませんでした。
Even though I studied so hard, I couldn't pass the exam.
Note
Unlike けれど, のに emphasizes regret or dissatisfaction when the result contradicts expectations. The latter clause is often omitted (e.g., せっかく来たのに…). Note the difference from 〜のに (in order to).